An HPV blood test is used to detect the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in blood. HPV is the most commonly spread sexually transmitted infection that can cause various health issues, including genital warts and certain types of cancers. The HPV checks for the presence of antibodies produced by the immune system in response to an HPV infection. It does not directly detect the virus itself but indicates whether a person has been exposed to HPV at some point. Results from an HPV blood test can help healthcare providers determine if a person has a current or past HPV infection.